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O envelhecimento acarreta mudanças significativas na composição corporal, com destaque para o aumento da massa adiposa e sua redistribuição, fatores críticos no desenvolvimento de doenças crônicas. Em contextos rurais, onde o acesso a métodos de referência como o DXA é limitado, surge a necessidade de ferramentas antropométricas validadas que permitam uma avaliação nutricional e de risco metabólico precisa e acessível. Aplicar a equação de regressão para estimar o percentual de gordura corporal (PGC) em idosos de áreas rurais do Equador e associá-lo a antecedentes patológicos selecionados. Estudo descritivo, prospectivo, transversal e correlacional com 316 idosos (31,3% homens e 68,7% mulheres). Analisaram-se: sexo, idade, peso, estatura, circunferência da cintura (CC), Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) e o percentual de gordura corporal estimado por regressão (PGCR). O PGCR foi significativamente maior em mulheres (p < 0,000). O sobrepeso esteve presente em 47,4% dos homens e 41,5% das mulheres segundo o IMC. A equação PGCR = 13,89 + 0,834·IMC + 0,056·CC ? 6,193·Sexo demonstrou boa capacidade preditiva (R² = 0,357). A curva ROC apresentou AUC = 0,783 e confirmou-se associação significativa entre o PGCR e a hipertensão arterial (p = 0,008). A equação proposta constitui uma ferramenta válida e útil para a estimativa do percentual de gordura corporal, facilitando a identificação do risco cardiometabólico em comunidades rurais equatorianas onde a tecnologia diagnóstica é escassa.
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