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La edad corporal, estimada mediante bioimpedancia eléctrica, refleja el desgaste fisiológico acumulado del organismo y puede diferir considerablemente de la edad cronológica en función de los hábitos de vida, condición poco documentada en adultos mayores de entornos rurales andinos. La inseguridad alimentaria, el sedentarismo y el tabaquismo aceleran el envejecimiento biológico, especialmente en poblaciones con acceso limitado a servicios preventivos de salud. Estudio descriptivo transversal en 276 adultos mayores rurales del Ecuador (65-95 años; 183 mujeres, 93 hombres). Se evaluaron variables sociodemográficas, tabaquismo, actividad física y adherencia a la dieta mediterránea mediante instrumentos estandarizados. La edad corporal se determinó por bioimpedancia; una diferencia ?5 años respecto a la cronológica definió envejecimiento acelerado. Se aplicaron pruebas t de Student, chi-cuadrado y regresión logística binaria. La diferencia media global fue de 3,17 ± 4,8 años. El 35,5% exhibió envejecimiento acelerado. Los hombres presentaron mayor diferencia media (3,8 ± 4,5) que las mujeres (2,9 ± 4,9), sin significancia estadística (p=0,150). El tabaquismo elevó la diferencia a 4,9 ± 1,9 años frente a 3,1 ± 4,9 en no fumadores. En la regresión logística, el tabaquismo obtuvo el mayor riesgo (OR=2,83; IC95%: 0,78-10,30), sin alcanzar significancia. Los factores de riesgo modificables, especialmente el tabaquismo, se asociaron con mayor aceleración de la edad corporal en adultos mayores rurales ecuatorianos. La bioimpedancia se confirma como herramienta viable para la detección temprana del envejecimiento acelerado en el primer nivel de atención.
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Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
Derechos de autor 2026 Carlos Geovanny Guamán Tenesaca, Maria Graciela Merchan Coronel, Selena Valeria Balarezo Chalco